Integrand size = 21, antiderivative size = 135 \[ \int \frac {\sec ^2(c+d x)}{(a+a \cos (c+d x))^4} \, dx=-\frac {4 \text {arctanh}(\sin (c+d x))}{a^4 d}+\frac {664 \tan (c+d x)}{105 a^4 d}-\frac {88 \tan (c+d x)}{105 a^4 d (1+\cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {4 \tan (c+d x)}{a^4 d (1+\cos (c+d x))}-\frac {\tan (c+d x)}{7 d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^4}-\frac {12 \tan (c+d x)}{35 a d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^3} \]
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Time = 0.42 (sec) , antiderivative size = 135, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.286, Rules used = {2845, 3057, 2827, 3852, 8, 3855} \[ \int \frac {\sec ^2(c+d x)}{(a+a \cos (c+d x))^4} \, dx=-\frac {4 \text {arctanh}(\sin (c+d x))}{a^4 d}+\frac {664 \tan (c+d x)}{105 a^4 d}-\frac {4 \tan (c+d x)}{a^4 d (\cos (c+d x)+1)}-\frac {88 \tan (c+d x)}{105 a^4 d (\cos (c+d x)+1)^2}-\frac {12 \tan (c+d x)}{35 a d (a \cos (c+d x)+a)^3}-\frac {\tan (c+d x)}{7 d (a \cos (c+d x)+a)^4} \]
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Rule 8
Rule 2827
Rule 2845
Rule 3057
Rule 3852
Rule 3855
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {\tan (c+d x)}{7 d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^4}+\frac {\int \frac {(8 a-4 a \cos (c+d x)) \sec ^2(c+d x)}{(a+a \cos (c+d x))^3} \, dx}{7 a^2} \\ & = -\frac {\tan (c+d x)}{7 d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^4}-\frac {12 \tan (c+d x)}{35 a d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^3}+\frac {\int \frac {\left (52 a^2-36 a^2 \cos (c+d x)\right ) \sec ^2(c+d x)}{(a+a \cos (c+d x))^2} \, dx}{35 a^4} \\ & = -\frac {88 \tan (c+d x)}{105 a^4 d (1+\cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {\tan (c+d x)}{7 d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^4}-\frac {12 \tan (c+d x)}{35 a d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^3}+\frac {\int \frac {\left (244 a^3-176 a^3 \cos (c+d x)\right ) \sec ^2(c+d x)}{a+a \cos (c+d x)} \, dx}{105 a^6} \\ & = -\frac {88 \tan (c+d x)}{105 a^4 d (1+\cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {\tan (c+d x)}{7 d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^4}-\frac {12 \tan (c+d x)}{35 a d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^3}-\frac {4 \tan (c+d x)}{d \left (a^4+a^4 \cos (c+d x)\right )}+\frac {\int \left (664 a^4-420 a^4 \cos (c+d x)\right ) \sec ^2(c+d x) \, dx}{105 a^8} \\ & = -\frac {88 \tan (c+d x)}{105 a^4 d (1+\cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {\tan (c+d x)}{7 d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^4}-\frac {12 \tan (c+d x)}{35 a d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^3}-\frac {4 \tan (c+d x)}{d \left (a^4+a^4 \cos (c+d x)\right )}-\frac {4 \int \sec (c+d x) \, dx}{a^4}+\frac {664 \int \sec ^2(c+d x) \, dx}{105 a^4} \\ & = -\frac {4 \text {arctanh}(\sin (c+d x))}{a^4 d}-\frac {88 \tan (c+d x)}{105 a^4 d (1+\cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {\tan (c+d x)}{7 d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^4}-\frac {12 \tan (c+d x)}{35 a d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^3}-\frac {4 \tan (c+d x)}{d \left (a^4+a^4 \cos (c+d x)\right )}-\frac {664 \text {Subst}(\int 1 \, dx,x,-\tan (c+d x))}{105 a^4 d} \\ & = -\frac {4 \text {arctanh}(\sin (c+d x))}{a^4 d}+\frac {664 \tan (c+d x)}{105 a^4 d}-\frac {88 \tan (c+d x)}{105 a^4 d (1+\cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {\tan (c+d x)}{7 d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^4}-\frac {12 \tan (c+d x)}{35 a d (a+a \cos (c+d x))^3}-\frac {4 \tan (c+d x)}{d \left (a^4+a^4 \cos (c+d x)\right )} \\ \end{align*}
Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(341\) vs. \(2(135)=270\).
Time = 3.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 341, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.53 \[ \int \frac {\sec ^2(c+d x)}{(a+a \cos (c+d x))^4} \, dx=\frac {107520 \cos ^8\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right ) \left (\log \left (\cos \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )-\sin \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )-\log \left (\cos \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )+\sin \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )\right )+\cos \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right ) \sec \left (\frac {c}{2}\right ) \sec (c) \sec (c+d x) \left (-10780 \sin \left (\frac {d x}{2}\right )+18788 \sin \left (\frac {3 d x}{2}\right )-20524 \sin \left (c-\frac {d x}{2}\right )+14644 \sin \left (c+\frac {d x}{2}\right )-16660 \sin \left (2 c+\frac {d x}{2}\right )-4690 \sin \left (c+\frac {3 d x}{2}\right )+14378 \sin \left (2 c+\frac {3 d x}{2}\right )-9100 \sin \left (3 c+\frac {3 d x}{2}\right )+11668 \sin \left (c+\frac {5 d x}{2}\right )-630 \sin \left (2 c+\frac {5 d x}{2}\right )+9358 \sin \left (3 c+\frac {5 d x}{2}\right )-2940 \sin \left (4 c+\frac {5 d x}{2}\right )+4228 \sin \left (2 c+\frac {7 d x}{2}\right )+315 \sin \left (3 c+\frac {7 d x}{2}\right )+3493 \sin \left (4 c+\frac {7 d x}{2}\right )-420 \sin \left (5 c+\frac {7 d x}{2}\right )+664 \sin \left (3 c+\frac {9 d x}{2}\right )+105 \sin \left (4 c+\frac {9 d x}{2}\right )+559 \sin \left (5 c+\frac {9 d x}{2}\right )\right )}{1680 a^4 d (1+\cos (c+d x))^4} \]
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Time = 1.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 118, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.87
method | result | size |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {\frac {\left (\tan ^{7}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{7}+\frac {7 \left (\tan ^{5}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{5}+\frac {23 \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{3}+49 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-\frac {8}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+1}-32 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+1\right )-\frac {8}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-1}+32 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-1\right )}{8 d \,a^{4}}\) | \(118\) |
default | \(\frac {\frac {\left (\tan ^{7}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{7}+\frac {7 \left (\tan ^{5}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{5}+\frac {23 \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{3}+49 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-\frac {8}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+1}-32 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+1\right )-\frac {8}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-1}+32 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-1\right )}{8 d \,a^{4}}\) | \(118\) |
parallelrisch | \(\frac {3360 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-1\right ) \cos \left (d x +c \right )-3360 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+1\right ) \cos \left (d x +c \right )+2861 \left (\cos \left (d x +c \right )+\frac {1650 \cos \left (2 d x +2 c \right )}{2861}+\frac {559 \cos \left (3 d x +3 c \right )}{2861}+\frac {83 \cos \left (4 d x +4 c \right )}{2861}+\frac {1672}{2861}\right ) \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \left (\sec ^{6}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{840 a^{4} d \cos \left (d x +c \right )}\) | \(121\) |
norman | \(\frac {-\frac {65 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{8 d a}+\frac {31 \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{6 d a}+\frac {47 \left (\tan ^{5}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{60 d a}+\frac {11 \left (\tan ^{7}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{70 d a}+\frac {\tan ^{9}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{56 d a}}{\left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-1\right ) a^{3}}+\frac {4 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-1\right )}{a^{4} d}-\frac {4 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+1\right )}{d \,a^{4}}\) | \(155\) |
risch | \(\frac {8 i \left (105 \,{\mathrm e}^{8 i \left (d x +c \right )}+735 \,{\mathrm e}^{7 i \left (d x +c \right )}+2275 \,{\mathrm e}^{6 i \left (d x +c \right )}+4165 \,{\mathrm e}^{5 i \left (d x +c \right )}+5131 \,{\mathrm e}^{4 i \left (d x +c \right )}+4697 \,{\mathrm e}^{3 i \left (d x +c \right )}+2917 \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (d x +c \right )}+1057 \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+166\right )}{105 d \,a^{4} \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+1\right )^{7} \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (d x +c \right )}+1\right )}+\frac {4 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}-i\right )}{a^{4} d}-\frac {4 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+i\right )}{d \,a^{4}}\) | \(169\) |
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Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 234, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.73 \[ \int \frac {\sec ^2(c+d x)}{(a+a \cos (c+d x))^4} \, dx=-\frac {210 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right )^{5} + 4 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 6 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{3} + 4 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )} \log \left (\sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right ) - 210 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right )^{5} + 4 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 6 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{3} + 4 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )} \log \left (-\sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right ) - {\left (664 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 2236 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{3} + 2636 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 1184 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 105\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{105 \, {\left (a^{4} d \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{5} + 4 \, a^{4} d \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 6 \, a^{4} d \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{3} + 4 \, a^{4} d \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + a^{4} d \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )}} \]
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\[ \int \frac {\sec ^2(c+d x)}{(a+a \cos (c+d x))^4} \, dx=\frac {\int \frac {\sec ^{2}{\left (c + d x \right )}}{\cos ^{4}{\left (c + d x \right )} + 4 \cos ^{3}{\left (c + d x \right )} + 6 \cos ^{2}{\left (c + d x \right )} + 4 \cos {\left (c + d x \right )} + 1}\, dx}{a^{4}} \]
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Time = 0.25 (sec) , antiderivative size = 186, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.38 \[ \int \frac {\sec ^2(c+d x)}{(a+a \cos (c+d x))^4} \, dx=\frac {\frac {1680 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{{\left (a^{4} - \frac {a^{4} \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{2}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{2}}\right )} {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}} + \frac {\frac {5145 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1} + \frac {805 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{3}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{3}} + \frac {147 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{5}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{5}} + \frac {15 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{7}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{7}}}{a^{4}} - \frac {3360 \, \log \left (\frac {\sin \left (d x + c\right )}{\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1} + 1\right )}{a^{4}} + \frac {3360 \, \log \left (\frac {\sin \left (d x + c\right )}{\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1} - 1\right )}{a^{4}}}{840 \, d} \]
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Time = 0.33 (sec) , antiderivative size = 139, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.03 \[ \int \frac {\sec ^2(c+d x)}{(a+a \cos (c+d x))^4} \, dx=-\frac {\frac {3360 \, \log \left ({\left | \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right ) + 1 \right |}\right )}{a^{4}} - \frac {3360 \, \log \left ({\left | \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right ) - 1 \right |}\right )}{a^{4}} + \frac {1680 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )}{{\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{2} - 1\right )} a^{4}} - \frac {15 \, a^{24} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{7} + 147 \, a^{24} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{5} + 805 \, a^{24} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{3} + 5145 \, a^{24} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )}{a^{28}}}{840 \, d} \]
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Time = 14.97 (sec) , antiderivative size = 130, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.96 \[ \int \frac {\sec ^2(c+d x)}{(a+a \cos (c+d x))^4} \, dx=\frac {23\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^3}{24\,a^4\,d}+\frac {7\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^5}{40\,a^4\,d}+\frac {{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^7}{56\,a^4\,d}-\frac {8\,\mathrm {atanh}\left (\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\right )}{a^4\,d}-\frac {2\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}{d\,\left (a^4\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^2-a^4\right )}+\frac {49\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}{8\,a^4\,d} \]
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